ro反滲透系統(tǒng)技術培訓-文庫吧
2024-12-26 14:51 本頁面
【正文】 lved solids (. anics, silica, bacteria) ?減少了危險的化學品存儲和與離子交換相關的操 Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange ?減少了離子交換系統(tǒng)的裝載 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems: ?延長運行周期 Extends run lengths ?延長樹脂壽命 Extends resin life ?降低操作成本 Reduces operating costs RO的劣勢 What Are the Disadvantages of RO? ? 25%的進水未被滲透 25% of feed stream is rejected ?滲透的 5%TDS 對 HP鍋爐不足 5% TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers ?最終過濾器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled : 提高操作成本 Increasing operating costs 降低樹脂壽命 Reducing membrane life 操作成本細分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown 膜更換費 Membrane Replacement 31% 化學藥品費用 Chemicals 17% 人工費 Labor 15% 過濾器更換費 Filter Replacement 3% 其它 7% 電費 27% 反滲透膜的問題 RO Membrane Problems ? Fouling 污垢 ? 微生物，殘渣 /泥沙，臟物，有機物，金屬氧化物 Microbio, silt, crud, anics, metal oxides ? Scaling 水銹 ?天然鹽 Mineral salts ?無水硅酸 Silica ?水解和降解 Hydrolysis or Degradation ? pH, Temperature, oxidants, biodegradation 離子污垢 Iron Fouling 微生物污垢 Microbiological Fouling 無水硅酸污垢 Silica Fouling 礦物水銹 Mineral Scale 膜 退化 /降解 Membrane Degradation 膜問題造成的結果 Results of Membrane Problems ?水質降低 Reduced water quality ?運行周期縮短 Shorter run lengths ?提早更換膜 Premature membrane replacement ?運行成本提高 Higher operating costs 廠商要求 Typical Manufacturer’s Requirements NS Not Specified 膜的水解因素 Hydrolysis Factors of RO Membranes CA MEMBRANES ? 微生物生長率 Microbio growth present ? pH levels ? 溫度 Temperatures 35 oC ? Exposed to direct sunlight TFC MEMBRANES ? 進水中的氧化劑 Oxidants in feedwater (. Cl2, Ozone) ? 進水中的游離氯 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater ? 溫度 Temperatures 45 oC ? Exposed to direct sunlight 各種污垢物質的沉積 Deposit Tendency of Various Foulants * 假定沒有使用防水銹劑、防污垢劑和消毒殺菌劑 Assumes no antiscalant, antifoulant or sanitizer is used 性能改善指導方法 Performance Enhancement Guidelines 污垢 Foulant Foulant Threshold 處理方法 Treatment 性能改善 Performance Enhancement 氯 Chlorine ppm free Cl2 (TFC ) 酸性亞硫酸鹽 Bisulfite 0 ppm free Cl2 CaCO3 LSI index 0 in reject 防水銹劑 Up to LSI index = + CaSO4 Ca2++SO421000 ppm in reject 防水銹劑 3x 溶解度 Up to 3x solubility limit BaSO4 Ba2+ ppm in feed 防水銹劑 Up to 11x solubility limit Fe Fe2+ ppm in feed 防水銹劑 Up to 5x solubility limit 無水硅酸 Silica SiO2120 ppm in reject 防水銹劑 Up to 250 ppm in reject 微生物 Microbio 進水中細菌棒量 Bacteria level104 CFU/cm2 in feed 生物殺滅劑 Biocide Up to 106 CFU/cm2 RO系統(tǒng)控制 RO System Monitoring ? 預處理控制 Pretreatment monit
教學教案相關推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1