【正文】 EL OF TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER ? Source: ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 50 (12): 975990 DEC 1993《普通精神病學(xué)紀(jì)要》美國(guó) ? 引言部分 回顧研究背景，常用詞匯 describe 被引用 926 ? Abstract: In this study, we describe a psychobiological model of the structure and development of personality that accounts for dimensions of both temperament and character. Previous research has confirmed four dimensions of temperament: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, which are independently heritable, manifest early in life, and involve preconceptual biases in perceptual memory and habit formation. For the first time, we describe three dimensions of character that mature in adulthood and influence personal and social effectiveness by insight learning about selfconcepts. Selfconcepts vary according to the extent to which a person identifies the self as (1) an autonomous individual, (2) an integral part of humanity, and (3) an integral part of the universe as a whole. Each aspect of selfconcept corresponds to one of three character dimensions called selfdirectedness, cooperativeness, and selftranscendence, respectively. We also describe the conceptual background and development of a selfreport measure of these dimensions, the Temperament and Character Inventory. Data on 300 individuals from the general population support the reliability and structure of these seven personality dimensions. We discuss the implications for studies of information processing, inheritance, development, diagnosis, and treatment. 摘要 引言部分 案例 ? （ 2）說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作目的，常用詞匯有 purpose, attempt, aim SCI 高被引摘要 引言部分 案例 attempt 說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作目的 ? Author(s): Donoho, DL。 Johnstone, IM ? Title: Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage ? Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, 90 (432): 12001224 DEC 1995 《美國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)會(huì)志》 被引用 429 次 ? Abstract: We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data. We introduce a procedure, SureShrink, that suppresses noise by thresholding the empirical wavelet coefficients. The thresholding is adaptive: A threshold level is assigned to each dyadic resolution level by the principle of minimizing the Stein unbiased estimate of risk (Sure) for threshold estimates. The putational effort of the overall procedure is order (N) as a function of the sample size N. SureShrink is smoothness adaptive: If the unknown function contains jumps, then the reconstruction (essentially) does also。 if the unknown function has a smooth piece, then the reconstruction is (essentially) as smooth as the mother wavelet will allow. The procedure is in a sense optimally smoothness adaptive: It is near minimax simultaneously over a whole interval of the Besov scale。 the size of this interval depends on the choice of mother wavelet. We know from a previous paper by the authors that traditional smoothing methodskernels, splines, and orthogonal series estimateseven with optimal choices of the smoothing parameter, would be unable to perform in a nearminimax way over many spaces in the Besov scale. Examples of SureShrink are given. The advantages of the method are particularly evident when the underlying function has jump discontinuities on a smooth background SCI 高被引摘要 引言部分 案例 To investigate 說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作目的 ? Author(s): OLTVAI, ZN。 MILLIMAN, CL。 KORSMEYER, SJ ? Title: BCL2 HETERODIMERIZES INVIVO WITH A CONSERVED HOMOLOG, BAX, THAT ACCELERATES PROGRAMMED CELLDEATH ? Source: CELL, 74 (4): 609619 AUG 27 1993 被引用 3233 ? Abstract: Bcl2 protein is able to repress a number of apoptotic death programs. To investigate the mechanism of Bcl239。s effect, we examined whether Bcl2 interacted with other proteins. We identified an associated 21 kd protein partner, Bax, that has extensive amino acid homology with Bcl2, focused within highly conserved domains I and II. Bax is encoded by six exons and demonstrates a plex pattern of alternative RNA splicing that predicts a 21 kd membrane (alpha) and two forms of cytosolic protein (beta and gamma). Bax homodimerizes and forms heterodimers with Bcl2 in vivo. Overexpressed Bax accelerates apoptotic death induced by cytokine deprivation in an IL3dependent cell line. Overexpressed Bax also counters the death repressor activity of Bcl2. These data suggest a model in which the ratio of Bcl2 to Bax determines survival or death following an apoptotic stimulus. SCI 高被引摘要 引言部分 案例 purposes 說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作目的 ? Author(s): ROGERS, FJ。 IGLESIAS, CA ? Title: RADIATIVE ATOMIC ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY TABLES ? Source: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 79 (2): 507568 APR 1992 《天體物理學(xué)雜志增刊》美國(guó) SCI 被引用 512 ? Abstract: For more than two decades the astrophysics munity has depended on opacity tables produced at Los Alamos. In the present work we offer new radiative Rosseland mean opacity tables calculated with the OPAL code developed independently at LLNL. We give extensive results for the recent AndersGrevesse mixture which allow accurate interpolation in temperature, density, hydrogen mass fraction, as well as metal mass fraction. The tables are anized differently from previous work. Instead of rows and columns of constant temperature and density, we use temperature and follow tracks of constant R, where R = density/(temperature)3. The range of R and temperature are such as to cover typical stellar condi